July 8, 2022
NAWS 2019-20: Older and Settled Farm Workers
DOL’s National Agricultural Workers Survey interviewed 2,172 non-H-2A crop workers in 2019-20 and found that 44 percent were unauthorized, up from 36 percent in 2017-18 but down from over 50 percent in 1998-2000. Over the past three decades, the share of foreign-born crop workers rose from 60 to 70 percent, the share of settled or non-migrant workers rose from 60 to 85 percent, and the share of unauthorized workers tripled from 15 to 45 percent.
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Codes of Conduct and Labor Law Compliance
Can private codes of conduct substitute for government to ensure compliance with labor laws in supply chains that involve low-wage workers? MIT’s Richard Locke persuaded Nike to allow analysis of the audits conducted in Nike supplier factories, and concluded that private audits and certifications did not ensure continuous supplier compliance with labor laws.
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Summit of the Americas
The 1st Summit of the Americas in 1994 in Miami called for a Free Trade Area of the Americas “from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego” to promote closer integration and spur growth among 34 Western Hemisphere countries (Cuba was excluded).
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Labor in Thai Agriculture
Almost 13 million people or 30 percent of Thailand’s 42 million strong labor force are employed in agriculture. Most of those employed in Thai agriculture are self-employed Thai farmers and their unpaid family members, but an increasing share are migrant workers from neighboring Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar.
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Migrant Recruitment Costs
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development established 17 goals and created indicators to measure progress to achieve these goals by 2030. Sustainable Development Goal 10 is to reduce inequality within and between countries, and Target 10.7 is to: "facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies.”
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June 10, 2022
H-2A Expands; Wages Rise
DOL certified 193,200 jobs to be filled with H-2A workers in the first two quarters of FY22, up 16 percent from 166,000 jobs certified in the first two quarters of FY21. DOL could certify over 350,000 jobs in FY22, up from 317,600 in FY21.
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California Farm Sales: $49 billion in 2020
California had farm sales of $49 billion in 2020, down from $51 billion in 2019. The most valuable commodity was milk worth $7.5 billion in 2020, followed by almonds worth $5.6 billion, nursery and greenhouse crops worth $5.1 billion, and grapes worth $4.9 billion.
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Alternatives to Hand Labor in Wine Grapes
Grapes are a fruit that produces clusters of dozens of individual berries. Most grapes are from the varieties of Vitis vinifera native to the Mediterranean region. The FAO estimates that over 70 percent of the world’s grapes are used to make wine, a quarter eaten as fresh fruit, and the rest dried into raisins.
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Alternatives to Hand Labor in Table Grapes
Grapes are a fruit that produces clusters of dozens of individual berries. Most grapes are from the varieties of Vitis vinifera native to the Mediterranean region. The FAO estimates that over 70 percent of the world’s grapes are used to make wine, a quarter eaten as fresh fruit, and the rest dried into raisins.
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Alternatives to Hand Labor in Raisin Grapes
Grapes are a fruit that produces clusters of dozens of individual berries. Most grapes are from the varieties of Vitis vinifera native to the Mediterranean region. The FAO estimates that over 70 percent of the world’s grapes are used to make wine, a quarter eaten as fresh fruit, and the rest dried into raisins.
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